When do you need a root canal?

Root canal therapy, often simply referred to as a root canal, is a dental procedure used to treat and save a tooth that is severely infected or damaged. The procedure involves removing the infected or damaged pulp (the innermost part of the tooth) and cleaning and sealing the tooth to prevent further infection. Root canal therapy is typically performed by an endodontist, a dental specialist trained in treating the interior of teeth.

Here is an overview of the root canal therapy process

• Diagnosis: The dentist first examines the tooth and takes X-rays to assess the extent of the infection or damage. Common reasons for needing a root canal include deep tooth decay, a cracked or fractured tooth, or an abscess (a pocket of pus) at the tooth's root.

• Local Anesthesia: Before the procedure begins, the dentist administers a local anesthetic to numb the affected tooth and the surrounding area. This ensures that the patient does not feel pain during the root canal.

• Access Opening: To access the pulp chamber, the dentist drills a small hole in the crown (top) of the tooth. This opening allows them to reach the infected or damaged pulp.

• Pulp Removal: Using specialized instruments, the dentist removes the infected or damaged pulp tissue from the pulp chamber and the root canals (tiny passageways that extend from the pulp chamber to the tooth's roots).

• Cleaning and Shaping: After removing the pulp, the dentist thoroughly cleans and disinfects the interior of the tooth, including the root canals. They may also shape the canals to prepare them for filling.

• Filling: Once the tooth is cleaned and shaped, it is filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha. This material seals the space previously occupied by the pulp and prevents further infection.

• Sealing: After the root canal is filled, the access opening in the crown of the tooth is sealed with a dental filling or a temporary or permanent crown. The choice of restoration depends on the extent of tooth structure remaining and the dentist's recommendation.

• Restoration: In many cases, a tooth that has undergone root canal therapy will need to be restored further to ensure its strength and function are fully restored. This may involve placing a dental crown over the treated tooth for added protection and longevity.

After a successful root canal, the tooth is saved, and the patient can retain their natural tooth rather than having it extracted. With proper care and maintenance, a tooth that has undergone root canal therapy can function effectively for many years.

It's important to note that root canal therapy is a relatively routine and comfortable procedure, thanks to modern dental techniques and anesthesia. Patients typically experience significant relief from pain and discomfort after the infected pulp is removed.